Análisis de la función Hash Criptográfica en cadenas de bloques y su impacto en la seguridad de transacciones de datos

A hash, as cryptographic functions are commonly known - can be defined as a mathematical algorithm capable of converting any data block into a new collection of characters with a specific size, regardless of the number of characters of the initial data ; in that order of ideas the functional elements for the treatment of information and the transformations that the hash allows and provides; they can be applied as security mechanisms in block chains, facilitating the protection of information in user authentication tasks, sending data between blocks or safeguarding relevant information. This document presents in detail the application of the SHA-256 cryptographic hash function for the use of 256-bit fixed-length pointers in order to map each of the block chains within the data transactions. The use of 256-bit fixed-length pointers in order to map each of the block chains within the data transactions.Un hash, como se conoce comúnmente a las funciones criptográficas, se puede definir como un algoritmo matemático capaz de convertir un bloque de datos cualquiera en una colección nueva de caracteres con un tamaño específico, sin importar la cantidad de caracteres de los datos iniciales; en ese orden de ideas los elementos funcionales para el tratamiento de la información y las transformaciones que el hash permite y proporciona pueden ser aplicados como mecanismos de seguridad en cadenas de bloques, facilitando la protección de la información en tareas de autenticación de usuarios, envío de datos entre bloques o resguardo de información relevante. Este documento presenta de forma detallada la aplicación de la función hash criptográfica SHA-256 para el uso de apuntadores de longitud fija de 256 bit, con el objetivo de mapear cada una de las cadenas de bloques dentro de las transacciones de datos

Design patterns for teaching type checking in a compiler construction course

A course in compiler construction seeks to develop an understanding of well-defined fundamental theory and typically involves the production of a language processor. In a graduate degree in software engineering, the development of a compiler contributes significantly to the developer's comprehension of the practical application of theoretical concepts. Different formal notations are commonly used to define type systems, and some of them are used to teach the semantic analysis phase of language processing. In the traditional approach, attribute grammars are probably the most widely used ones. This paper shows how object-oriented design patterns represented in unified modeling language (UML) can be used to both teach type systems and develop the semantic analysis phase of a compiler. The main benefit of this approach is two-fold: better comprehension of theoretical concepts because of the use of notations known by the students (UML diagrams), and improvement of software engineering skills for the development of a complete language processor

Smart Contracts with Blockchain in the Public Sector

The appearance of so-called block chains or Blockchain with the promise of transforming trust and the way value is exchanged, joins the expansion of the technological capabilities of organizations to achieve higher levels of productivity and innovation. This is how Blockchain-based techniques are being applied to many fields, focusing in this article on the public sector, as a possible solution to the demands for transparency, participation and citizen cooperation that society demands; due to the possibility of disintermediation based on automated transactions and on the responsibility and security in the management of official blockchain records. This could obstruct corruption and make government services more transparent and efficient. Although, it investigates about applications in the public sector under the Blockchain system, such as transactions, agreements, property registries and innovations, developments and other assets; Special emphasis is placed on the possibility of implementing Smart Contracts (mechanisms that aim to eliminate intermediaries to simplify processes) in public procurement procedures, given that it is in this type of activity where high levels of corruption are generated. It is concluded then that Europe has the largest number of blockchain initiatives worldwide, while Latin America, except for the case of Peru, lacks this type of applications, being this continent exactly where there are the countries with the highest levels of corruption. It concludes with a recommendation to use blockchain along with smart contracts through platforms such as Ethereum or Lisk, mainly given its flexibility and current development on topics with similar functionalities

Towards a Standard-based Domain-specific Platform to Solve Machine Learning-based Problems

Machine learning is one of the most important subfields of computer science and can be used to solve a variety of interesting artificial intelligence problems. There are different languages, framework and tools to define the data needed to solve machine learning-based problems. However, there is a great number of very diverse alternatives which makes it difficult the intercommunication, portability and re-usability of the definitions, designs or algorithms that any developer may create. In this paper, we take the first step towards a language and a development environment independent of the underlying technologies, allowing developers to design solutions to solve machine learning-based problems in a simple and fast way, automatically generating code for other technologies. That can be considered a transparent bridge among current technologies. We rely on Model-Driven Engineering approach, focusing on the creation of models to abstract the definition of artifacts from the underlying technologies

BILROST: Handling Actuators of the Internet of Things through Tweets on Twitter using a Domain- Specific Language

In recent years, many investigations have appeared that combine the Internet of Things and Social Networks. Some of them addressed the interconnection of objects as Social Networks interconnect people, and others addressed the connection between objects and people. However, they usually used interfaces created for that purpose instead of using familiar interfaces for users. Why not integrate Smart Objects in traditional Social Networks? Why not control Smart Objects through natural interactions in Social Networks? The goal of this paper is to make easier to create applications that allow non-experts users to control Smart Objects actuators through Social Networks through the proposal of a novel approach to connect objects and people using Social Networks. This proposal will address how to use Twitter so that objects could perform actions based on Twitter users’ posts. Moreover, it will be presented a Domain-Specific language that could help in the task of defining the actions that objects could perform when people publish specific content on Twitter

Towards an Ontology to Describe the Taxonomy of Common Modules in Learning Management Systems

This article have the objective a create ontology for "common modules in a Learning Management Systems", the steps for the build Ontology were: Determine the domain and scope of the ontology, Consider reusing existing ontology, Enumerate important terms in the ontology, Define the classes and the class hierarch, Define the properties of classes—slot and Define the facets of the slot, finally be explained how the ontology is composed

A review about Smart Objects, Sensors, and Actuators

Smart Objects and the Internet of Things are two ideas which describe the future, walk together, and complement each other. Thus, the interconnection among objects can make them more intelligent or expand their intelligence to unsuspected limits. This could be achieved with a new network that interconnects each object around the world. However, to achieve this goal, the objects need a network that supports heterogeneous and ubiquitous objects, a network where exists more traffic among objects than among humans, but supporting for both types. For these reasons, both concepts are very close. Cities, houses, cars, machines, or any another object that can sense, respond, work, or make easier the lives of their owner. This is a part of the future, an immediate future. Notwithstanding, first of all, there are to resolve a series of problems. The most important problem is the heterogeneity of objects. This article is going to show a theoretical frame and the related work about Smart Object. The article will explain what are Smart Objects, doing emphasis in their difference with Not- Smart Objects. After, we will present one of the different object classification system, in our opinion, the most complete

Swift vs. Objective-C: A New Programming Language

The appearance of a new programming language gives the necessity to contrast its contribution with the existing programming languages to evaluate the novelties and improvements that the new programming language offers for developers. These kind of studies can show us the efficiency, improvements and useful or uselessness of the new programming languages. Also these studies can show us the good or bad properties of the existing programming languages. For these reasons, these studies allow us to know if the new programming language is offering improvements or relapses. In this article, we compare the new programming language of Apple, Swift, with the main programming language of Apple before Swift, Objective-C. We are going to show the differences, characteristics and novelties to verify the words of Apple about Swift. With that we want to answer the next question: Is Swift a new programming language easier, more secure and quicker to develop than Objective-C

A mechanism of abstraction for independent definition of game’s platform elements

This article is aimed at determining the feasibility of using a common mechanism to define the configuration in games for mobile devices. Such a configuration is intended to increase the level of abstraction up to a point where the definition of a platform game in XML format is made independent. This should then be read and deployed in an automatic way over any mobile platform